Zoom Explorers
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| published North Pole ship Congressional Peary's |
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people City Eskimos African-American mechanic |
Matthew Alexander Henson (Aug. 8, 1866 - March 9, 1955) was an African-American explorer and one of the first people to visit the North Pole. He was on most of Robert E. Peary's expeditions, including the 1909 trip to the North Pole.
Henson's parents died when he was a young boy. He went to sea when he was 12 years old, working as a cabin boy on a three-masted sailing ship. He later became a clerk in Washington, D.C., where he met the Arctic explorer Robert E. Peary; in 1888, Peary hired Henson as a personal assistant for his expedition to Nicaragua, Central America. Because of Henson's skills (Henson was an accomplished mechanic, navigator and carpenter), resourcefulness and strength, Peary chose Henson to accompany him on his next 7 expeditions to the Arctic, from 1891 through 1909. Peary, Henson, and four Eskimos were the first people to reach the North Pole (in 1909).
Henson wrote "A Negro Explorer at the North Pole," which was published in 1912. US President William H. Taft appointed Henson a clerk in the U.S. Customs House in New York City in 1913; he held the post until 1936, when he retired. Henson was awarded a Congressional medal in 1944 for his work on the Peary expedition.
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